See stenan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "stenan"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "stinan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "stöhnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "stöhnen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "stenen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "stēnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "stöhnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "stöhnen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "stenen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "stȫnen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*stenan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "steunen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "stēnen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*stenan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stenu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stiniʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stenan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stenan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan"
],
"id": "en-stenan-gmw-pro-verb-SacFQjXj",
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stenan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *stenan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "IV",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stæn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stæn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣnon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stonen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestonen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "stenan"
},
"expansion": "stenan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stenan<s4>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to groan loudly; roar"
],
"id": "en-stenan-ang-verb-c8Kfltfc",
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "stunian"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈste.nɑn/"
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stenan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *stenan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "IV",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stæn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stæn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣnon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stǣnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stonen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestonen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "stenan"
},
"expansion": "stenan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stenan<s4>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stunian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 4 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to groan loudly; roar"
],
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈste.nɑn/"
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "stenan"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "stinan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "stöhnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "stöhnen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "stenen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "stēnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "stöhnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "stöhnen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "stenen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "stȫnen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*stenan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "steunen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "stēnen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*stenan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stenu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stiniʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stenan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stenan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 4 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Nonverbal communication"
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan"
],
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stenan meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.